MA'ANAR ADSORBENTS, FILTER Agents, DA BUshewa Agents
Sives ɗin kwayoyin halitta sune aluminosilicates na ƙarfe na crystalline suna da hanyar haɗin haɗin kai mai fuska uku na silica da alumina tetrahedra. Ana cire ruwan hydration na halitta daga wannan hanyar sadarwa ta dumama don samar da raƙuman ruwa iri ɗaya waɗanda ke zaɓin kwayoyin halitta na takamaiman girman.
Ana amfani da sieve mai lamba 4 zuwa 8 akai-akai a aikace-aikacen gasphase, yayin da nau'in raga 8 zuwa 12 ya zama ruwan dare a aikace-aikacen ruwa. Siffofin foda na 3A, 4A, 5A da 13X sieves sun dace da aikace-aikace na musamman.
An daɗe da sanin ƙarfin bushewar su (har ma zuwa 90 ° C), sieves na ƙwayoyin cuta kwanan nan sun nuna amfani a cikin hanyoyin ƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta, akai-akai suna barin keɓanta samfuran da ake so daga halayen daɗaɗɗa waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin ma'auni mara kyau gabaɗaya. Wadannan zeolites na roba an nuna su cire ruwa, alcohols (ciki har da methanol da ethanol), da HCl daga irin wannan tsarin kamar ketimine da enamine syntheses, ester condensations, da kuma canza aldehydes unsaturated zuwa polyenals.
| Nau'in | 3A |
| Abun ciki | 0.6 K2O: 0.40 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1SiO2: x H2O |
| Bayani | Ana yin fom ɗin 3A ta hanyar maye gurbin cations na potassium don ions sodium na cikin tsarin 4A, rage girman pore mai inganci zuwa ~ 3Å, ban da diamita> 3Å, misali, ethane. |
| Manyan Aikace-aikace | Rashin ruwa na kasuwanci na rafukan hydrocarbon da ba su da tushe, gami da fashe gas, propylene, butadiene, acetylene; busasshen ruwa na polar kamar methanol da ethanol. Adsorption na kwayoyin halitta kamar NH3 da H2O daga kwararar N2/H2. An yi la'akari da wakili na bushewa gabaɗaya a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na polar da marasa ƙarfi. |
| Nau'in | 4A |
| Abun ciki | 1 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1 SiO2: x H2O |
| Bayani | Wannan nau'in sodium yana wakiltar nau'in A iyali na sieves. Ingantaccen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen shine 4Å, don haka ban da ƙwayoyin ingantattun diamita> 4Å, misali, propane. |
| Manyan Aikace-aikace | An fi so don bushewar ruwa a cikin rufaffiyar ruwa ko tsarin gas, misali, a cikin marufi na magunguna, abubuwan lantarki da sinadarai masu lalacewa; sharar ruwa a cikin tsarin bugu da robobi da bushewa cikakkun rafukan ruwa. Gabaɗaya ana la'akari da wakili na bushewa na duniya a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na iyakacin duniya da waɗanda ba na polar ba. |
| Nau'in | 5A |
| Abun ciki | 0.80 CaO: 0.20 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1 SiO2: x H2O |
| Bayani | Divalent calcium ions a maimakon sodium cations suna ba da buɗaɗɗen ~5Å waɗanda ke keɓance kwayoyin ingantattun diamita> 5Å, misali, duk zoben carbon 4, da iso-compounds. |
| Manyan Aikace-aikace | Rarraba paraffins na yau da kullun daga sarkar-sarkar da hydrocarbons na cyclic; cire H2S, CO2 da mercaptans daga iskar gas. Kwayoyin da aka tallata sun haɗa da nC4H10, nC4H9OH, C3H8 zuwa C22H46, da dichlorodifluoro-methane (Freon 12®). |
| Nau'in | 13X |
| Abun ciki | 1 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.8 ± 0.2 SiO2: xH2O |
| Bayani | Siffar sodium tana wakiltar tsarin asali na nau'in iyali na X, tare da buɗe ido mai tasiri a cikin kewayon 910¼. Ba zai yarda da (C4F9) 3N ba, misali. |
| Manyan Aikace-aikace | Bushewar iskar gas na kasuwanci, tsarkakewar ciyar da shukar iska (kauwar H2O da CO2 lokaci guda) da ruwa mai zaƙi/maɗaurin iskar gas (H2S da cirewar mercaptan). |
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-16-2023
