Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka ƙarfin tacewa na duniya, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun samfuran mai, da ci gaba da haɓaka buƙatun albarkatun sinadarai, amfani da abubuwan haɓakawa na haɓaka yana cikin ci gaba mai ƙarfi. Daga cikin su, mafi saurin bunƙasa shine a cikin sabbin tattalin arziki da ƙasashe masu tasowa.
Saboda daban-daban albarkatun kasa, samfurori da tsarin na'ura na kowace matatar, don amfani da ƙarin abubuwan da aka yi niyya don samun ingantacciyar samfur ko albarkatun sinadarai, zaɓin masu haɓakawa tare da mafi kyawun daidaitawa ko zaɓi na iya magance mahimman matsalolin matatun daban-daban na'urori daban-daban.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, a cikin Asiya Pasifik, Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya, yawan amfani da adadin girma na duk masu kara kuzari, ciki har da refining, polymerization, sunadarai sunadarai, da dai sauransu sun fi na yankunan da suka ci gaba a Turai da Amurka.
A nan gaba, fadada man fetur hydrogenation zai zama mafi girma, sannan kuma tsakiyar distillate hydrogenation, FCC, isomerization, hydrocracking, naphtha hydrogenation, nauyi mai (sauran man fetur) hydrogenation, alkylation (superposition), gyarawa, da dai sauransu, da kuma daidai. Bukatar mai kara kuzari kuma za ta karu daidai.
Duk da haka, saboda daban-daban amfani hawan keke na daban-daban mai tace mai kara kuzari, adadin man tace catalysts ba zai iya karuwa tare da fadada iya aiki. Dangane da kididdigar tallace-tallace na kasuwa, mafi yawan tallace-tallace sune masu haɓaka hydrogenation (hydrotreating da hydrocracking, lissafin 46% na jimlar), sannan FCC masu haɓakawa (40%), biye da masu haɓaka haɓaka (8%), masu haɓaka alkylation (5%). da sauransu (1%).
Anan ga manyan fasalulluka na masu haɓakawa daga sanannun kamfanoni da yawa na duniya:
10 shahararrun kamfanoni masu kara kuzari na duniya
1. Grace Davison, Amurka
An kafa kamfanin Grace a shekara ta 1854 kuma tana da hedikwata a Columbia, Maryland. Grace Davidson ita ce jagorar duniya a cikin bincike da samar da abubuwan haɓakawa na FCC kuma ita ce mafi girma a duniya mai samar da FCC da abubuwan haɓaka hydrogenation.
Kamfanin yana da ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci na duniya guda biyu, Grace Davison da Grace Specialty Chemicals, da sassan samfura takwas. Kasuwancin Grace Davidson ya haɗa da masu samar da wutar lantarki na FCC, masu samar da ruwa na ruwa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Grace Davidson ta ce. Kamfanin ART, wani kamfani na hadin gwiwa ne ke tafiyar da harkokin kasuwancin samar da ruwa.
2, Albemarle American Specialty Chemicals (ALbemarle) Group
A cikin 1887, an kafa Kamfanin Takarda Arbel a Richmond, Virginia.
A 2004, Akzo-Nobel Oil refining catalyst kasuwanci da aka samu, a hukumance shiga cikin fagen tace mai kara kuzari, da kuma kafa mai kara kuzari na kasuwanci sashen da polyolefin catalysts; Kasance na biyu mafi girma na FCC mai samar da kuzari a duniya.
A halin yanzu, tana da masana'antar samarwa sama da 20 a Arewacin Amurka, Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Kudancin Amurka, Japan da China.
Arpels yana da cibiyoyin R&D 8 a cikin ƙasashe 5 da ofisoshin tallace-tallace a cikin ƙasashe sama da 40. Ita ce mafi girma a duniya da ke samar da abubuwan da ke hana harshen wuta, wanda ya shafi amfanin yau da kullun, kayan lantarki, magunguna, samfuran noma, masana'antar kera motoci, gini da kayan marufi.
Babban kasuwancin ya haɗa da ƙari na polymer, masu haɓakawa da ingantaccen sunadarai sassa uku.
Akwai nau'o'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) nau'in wuta: masu kare wuta,antiooxidants,maganin warkarwa da stabilizers;
Kasuwancin mai haɓakawa yana da sassa uku: mai haɓaka mai haɓakawa, mai haɓaka polyolefin, mai haɓaka sinadarai;
Fine Chemicals Abubuwan kasuwanci: sunadarai masu aiki (paints, alumina), sunadarai masu kyau (sinadaran bromine, sinadarai na filin mai) da tsaka-tsaki (magungunan magunguna, magungunan kashe qwari).
Daga cikin sassan kasuwanci guda uku na kamfanin Alpels, kudaden shiga na tallace-tallace na shekara-shekara na kayan aikin polymer sun kasance mafi girma, sannan masu haɓakawa, da kudaden tallace-tallace na kyawawan sinadarai sun kasance mafi ƙanƙanta, amma a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, kudaden tallace-tallace na shekara-shekara na mai kara kuzari. kasuwanci ya karu a hankali, kuma tun daga 2008, ya zarce kasuwancin kayan haɓaka polymer.
Kasuwancin Catalyst shine babban sashin kasuwanci na Arpell. Arpels shine na biyu mafi girma a duniya na mai samar da kayan aikin ruwa (kashi 30% na kasuwar duniya) kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu samar da kuzarin ƙara kuzari uku a duniya.
3. Dow Chemicals
Dow Chemical wani kamfani ne na sinadarai iri-iri da ke da hedikwata a Michigan, Amurka, wanda Herbert Henry Dow ya kafa a 1897. Yana aiki da sansanonin samar da kayayyaki 214 a cikin ƙasashe 37, tare da nau'ikan samfuran sama da 5,000, waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai a fannoni sama da 10 kamar motoci, kayan gini, wutar lantarki, da magunguna. A cikin 2009, Dow ya kasance na 127th akan Fortune Global 500 da 34th akan Fortune National 500. Dangane da jimlar dukiya, ita ce kamfani na biyu mafi girma na sinadarai a duniya, na biyu kawai ga DuPont Chemical na Amurka; Dangane da kudaden shiga na shekara, shi ne kamfani na biyu mafi girma a fannin sinadarai a duniya, bayan BASF na Jamus; Fiye da ma'aikata 46,000 a duk duniya; An raba shi zuwa sassan kasuwanci guda 7 ta nau'in samfur: Filastik Aiki, Sinadarai masu Aiki, Kimiyyar Noma, Filastik, Sinadarai na asali, Hydrocarbons da Makamashi, Babban Mahimmanci. Kasuwancin Catalysts wani yanki ne na sashin Sinadaran Aiki.
Abubuwan haɓaka Dow sun haɗa da: NORMAX™ carbonyl synthesis catalyst; METEOR™ mai kara kuzari don ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol; SHAC™ da SHAC™ ADT polypropylene masu kara kuzari; DOWEX™ QCAT™ bisphenol Mai kara kuzari; Ita ce kan gaba wajen kera abubuwan da ke haifar da polypropylene a duniya.
4. ExxonMobil
Exxonmobil shine babban kamfanin mai a duniya, wanda ke da hedikwata a Texas, Amurka. Kamfanin, wanda aka fi sani da Exxon Corporation da Mobil Corporation, an hade shi tare da sake tsara shi a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 1999. Kamfanin kuma shine uwar kamfanin ExxonMobil, Mobil da Esso a duk duniya.
An kafa shi a cikin 1882, Exxon shine kamfanin mai mafi girma a Amurka kuma daya daga cikin manyan kamfanoni bakwai mafi girma da tsofaffi a duniya. An kafa shi a cikin 1882, Mobil Corporation babban kamfani ne na ƙasa da ƙasa wanda ke haɗa bincike da haɓakawa, tacewa da masana'antar petrochemical.
Exxon da Mobil suna da hedkwatar sama a Houston, hedkwatar ƙasa a Fairfax, da hedkwatar kamfani a Irving, Texas. Exxon ya mallaki kashi 70% na kamfanin kuma Mobil ya mallaki kashi 30%. Exxonmobil, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwarsa, a halin yanzu yana aiki a cikin ƙasashe da yankuna kusan 200 na duniya kuma yana ɗaukar mutane sama da 80,000.
Manyan kayayyakin Exxonmobil sun hada da man fetur da iskar gas, man fetur da kuma kayayyakin da ake amfani da su na petrochemical, shi ne mafi girma a duniya mai kera olefins monomer da polyolefin, ciki har da ethylene, propylene, polyethylene, polypropylene; Kamfanin ExxonMobil Chemical ne ya mallaki kasuwancin masu haɓakawa. Exxonmobil Chemical ya kasu kashi huɗu na kasuwanci: polymers, fina-finan polymer, samfuran sinadarai da fasaha, kuma masu haɓakawa suna cikin ɓangaren fasaha.
UNIVATION, haɗin gwiwa na 50-50 tsakanin ExxonMobil da Dow Chemical Company, sun mallaki fasahar samar da polyethylene UNIPOL ™ da UCAT ™ da XCAT ™ da aka yiwa alamar polyolefin.
5. Kamfanin UOP Global Oil Products Company
An kafa shi a cikin 1914 kuma yana da hedikwata a Desprine, Illinois, Kayayyakin Mai na Duniya kamfani ne na duniya. A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2005, UOP ta zama reshen mallakar Honeywell gabaɗaya a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun kasuwanci na musamman na Honeywell.
UOP yana aiki a cikin sassa takwas: makamashi mai sabuntawa da Chemicals, adsorbents, ƙwararru da samfuran al'ada, tace man fetur, Aromatics da abubuwan da aka samo, layin alkyl benzene da olefins na ci gaba, olefins mai haske da kayan aiki, sarrafa iskar gas, da ayyuka.
UOP yana ba da ƙira, injiniyanci, sabis na shawarwari, lasisi da sabis, fasahar aiwatarwa da samar da masu haɓakawa, sieves na ƙwayoyin cuta, adsorbents da kayan aiki na musamman don matatun mai, masana'antar sarrafa albarkatun mai da iskar gas, tare da lasisin fasaha na 65 akwai.
UOP ita ce mafi girma a duniya mai siyar da zeolite da aluminum phosphate zeolite tare da samfuran zeolite sama da 150 don dewatering, kawar da ƙazanta da keɓancewar samfur na iskar gas da kayan ruwa. Ƙarfin samar da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a shekara ya kai ton 70,000. A fagen tallan sieve kwayoyin, UOP yana riƙe da kashi 70% na kasuwar duniya.
UOP kuma ita ce babbar masana'antar alumina a duniya, tare da samfuran da suka haɗa da pseudo-alumina, beta-alumina, gamma-alumina da α-alumina, suna samar da alumina da aka kunna da alumina / silica-aluminum masu ɗaukar hoto.
UOP yana da haƙƙin mallaka sama da 9,000 a duk duniya kuma ya gina kusan na'urori 4,000 ta amfani da haƙƙin mallaka a cikin ƙasashe sama da 80. Kashi 60 cikin 100 na man fetur a duniya ana samar da su ne ta hanyar fasahar UOP. Kusan rabin abubuwan wanke-wanke na duniya ana yin su ta amfani da fasahar UOP. Daga cikin manyan hanyoyin tace man fetur 36 da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu a cikin masana'antar mai, 31 UOP ne ya haɓaka. A halin yanzu, UOP yana kera kusan 100 daban-daban masu haɓakawa da samfuran talla don fasahar sa masu lasisi da sauran kamfanoni, waɗanda ake amfani da su a fannonin tacewa kamar gyaran fuska, isomerization, hydrocracking, hydrofining da oxidative desulphurization, da kuma a cikin filayen petrochemical ciki har da samar da aromatics. (benzene, toluene da xylene), propylene, butene, ethylbenzene, styrene, isopropylbenzene da cyclohexane.
UOP main catalysts sun hada da: catalytic sake fasalin mai kara kuzari, C4 isomerization mai kara kuzari, C5 da C6 isomerization mai kara kuzari, xylene isomerization mai kara kuzari, hydrocracking mai kara kuzari yana da nau'i biyu na hydrocracking da m hydrocracking, hydrotreating mai kara kuzari, mai desulfurization wakili, sulfur dawo da, wutsiya gas tuba da sauran man fetur. tace adsorbents.
6, ART American Advanced Refining Technology Company
An kafa Advanced Refining Technologies a cikin 2001 a matsayin haɗin gwiwa na 50-50 tsakanin Samfuran Mai na Chevron da Grace-Davidson. An kafa ART don haɗa ƙarfin fasaha na Grace da Chevron don haɓakawa da siyar da abubuwan haɓaka hydrogenation ga masana'antar tacewa ta duniya, kuma ita ce babbar mai samar da makamashin hydrogenation a duniya, tana ba da sama da kashi 50% na abubuwan haɓaka hydrogenation na duniya.
ART tana haɗa samfuran ta da sabis ta hanyar sassan tallace-tallace da ofisoshin Kamfanin Grace Corporation da Chevron Corporation a duk duniya.
ART tana da tsire-tsire masu ƙara kuzari guda huɗu da cibiyar bincike guda ɗaya. ART yana ƙera abubuwan haɓakawa don hydrocracking, m hydrocracking, isomerization dewaxing, isomerization gyara da hydrofining.
Babban abubuwan haɓakawa sun haɗa da Isocracking® don isomerization, Isofinishing® don isomerization, hydrocracking, m hydrocracking, hydrofining, hydrotreating, sauran hydrotreating.
7. Univation Inc
Univation, wanda aka kafa a cikin 1997 kuma yana da hedikwata a Houston, Texas, haɗin gwiwa ne na 50:50 tsakanin Kamfanin Kemikal na ExxonMobil da Kamfanin Dow Chemical.
Univation ya ƙware a cikin canja wurin fasahar polyethylene UNIPOL™ da kuma masu kara kuzari, kuma shine babban mai ba da lasisin fasaha na duniya kuma mai samar da abubuwan kara kuzari ga masana'antar polyethylene. Ita ce babbar masana'anta ta biyu a duniya kuma mai samar da kayan aikin polyethylene, wanda ke lissafin kashi 30% na kasuwar duniya. Ana kera abubuwan haɓakar kamfanin a wuraren Mont Belvieu, Seadrift da Freeport a Texas.
Tsarin masana'antar polyethylene na Univation, wanda aka sani da UNIPOL™, a halin yanzu yana da fiye da layukan samar da polyethylene sama da 100 a cikin aiki ko kuma ana gini ta amfani da UNIPOL™ a cikin ƙasashe 25, wanda ke lissafin sama da kashi 25% na jimillar duniya.
Babban abubuwan kara kuzari sune: 1)UCAT™ chromium catalyst da Ziegler-Natta mai kara kuzari; 2) XCAT ™ metallocene mai kara kuzari, sunan kasuwanci EXXPOL; 3)PRODIGY™ Bimodal Catalyst; 4) UT™ deaeration mai kara kuzari.
8. BASF
Babban hedikwata a Munich, Jamus, BASF na ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin sinadarai masu haɗaka a duniya tare da samfuran sama da 8,000, waɗanda suka haɗa da sinadarai masu ƙima, robobi, rini, suturar mota, jami'an kariya na shuka, magunguna, sinadarai masu kyau, mai da iskar gas.
Basf ita ce mafi girma a duniya mai samar da maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, aniline, caprolactam da kumfa styrene. Polypropylene, polystyrene, hydroxyl barasa da sauran kayayyakin da ke matsayi na biyu a duniya; Ethylbenzene, ƙarfin samar da styrene shine matsayi na uku a duniya. Basf yana daya daga cikin manyan masu samar da kayan abinci a duniya, gami da mono-vitamins, multivitamins, carotenoids, lysine, enzymes da abubuwan adana abinci.
Basf yana da rukunin kasuwanci daban-daban guda shida: Chemicals, Plastics, Solutions Aiki, Kayayyakin Aiki, Agrochemicals da Oil & Gas.
Basf shine kamfani daya tilo a cikin duniya wanda ke rufe dukkan kasuwancin kara kuzari, tare da sama da nau'ikan 200. Yawanci ya haɗa da: mai haɓaka mai haɓaka mai (FCC mai haɓakawa), mai haɓaka mota, mai haɓaka sinadarai (karfin chromium mai kara kuzari da ruthenium mai kara kuzari, da dai sauransu), mai kara kuzarin kare muhalli, kuzarin iskar oxygen dehydrogenation mai kara kuzari da mai kara kuzari na dehydrogenation.
Basf ita ce ta biyu mafi girma a duniya mai samar da abubuwan haɓakawa na FCC, tare da kusan kashi 12% na kason kasuwar duniya don tace abubuwan haɓakawa.
9. BP British Oil Company
Kamfanin mai na BP na daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin mai na kasa-da-kasa, wanda ke da hedikwata a London, Birtaniya; Kasuwancin kamfanin ya shafi kasashe da yankuna fiye da 100, wadanda suka hada da hakar mai da iskar gas, tacewa da tallatawa, sabunta makamashin abubuwa uku; Kamfanin BP ya kasu kashi uku na kasuwanci: Binciken Man Fetur da Gas da Haɓaka, Tacewa da Tallace-tallace, da sauran kasuwancin (sabuwar makamashi da ruwa). Kasuwancin masu kara kuzari na BP wani bangare ne na Sashen Refining da Marketing.
Kayayyakin Petrochemical sun haɗa da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan ƙanshi da na acetic acid, galibi sun haɗa da PTA, PX da acetic acid; Nau'i na biyu shine olefins da abubuwan da suka samo asali, galibi sun haɗa da ethylene, propylene da samfuran da ke ƙasa. BP's PTA (babban albarkatun kasa don samar da polyester), PX (babban albarkatun kasa don samar da PTA) da ƙarfin samar da acetic acid ya zama na farko a duniya. BP ya haɓaka fasahar mallakar mallaka don samar da PX dangane da nasa mai haɓaka isomerization na mallakarsa da ingantaccen fasahar crystallization. BP yana da babbar fasahar fasaha don samar da Cativa® acetic acid.
Kasuwancin olefins da na BP na farko yana cikin China da Malaysia.
10, Sud-Chemie German Southern Chemical Company
An kafa shi a cikin 1857, Kamfanin Southern Chemical Company wani kamfani ne na ƙwararrun ƙwararrun sinadarai da aka jera tare da fiye da shekaru 150 na tarihi, mai hedkwata a Munich, Jamus.
Nanfang Chemical Company kai tsaye ko a kaikaice ya mallaki jimlar kamfanoni na 77, gami da kamfanoni na cikin gida 5 a Jamus, kamfanonin waje na 72, bi da bi na cikin adsorbent da haɓaka ƙungiyoyi biyu, don sarrafa sinadarin petrochemical, sarrafa abinci, kayan mabukaci, simintin gyare-gyare, jiyya na ruwa. kare muhalli da sauran masana'antu don samar da babban aiki mai kara kuzari, adsorbent da ƙari samfurori da mafita.
Kasuwancin mai kara kuzari na Kamfanin Nanfang Chemical na cikin Sashin mai kara kuzari. Sashen ya ƙunshi Fasahar Catalyst, Makamashi da Muhalli.
An kasu kashi na Fasaha na Catalyst zuwa ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci na duniya guda huɗu: abubuwan da ke haifar da haɓakar sinadarai, abubuwan da ke haifar da sinadarin petrochemical, abubuwan haɓaka mai tace mai da kuma abubuwan haɓakar polymerization.
Nau'in sinadarai na Nanfang sun haɗa da: kayan aikin tsarkakewa, petrosinadarai mai kara kuzari, mai kara kuzari, mai tace mai, mai kara kuzari, olefin polymerization mai kara kuzari, mai kara kuzarin tsarkake iska, mai kara kuzari.
Lura: A halin yanzu, Kamfanin Clariant!
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-17-2023
