Tare da ci gaba da inganta ƙarfin tacewa a duniya, da kuma tsauraran matakan samar da mai, da kuma ci gaba da ƙaruwar buƙatar kayan masarufi, yawan amfani da abubuwan da ke ƙara kuzari na tacewa ya kasance cikin ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Daga cikinsu, ci gaban da ya fi sauri yana faruwa ne a sabbin ƙasashe masu tasowa da kuma ƙasashe masu tasowa.
Saboda nau'ikan kayan aiki daban-daban, samfura da tsarin na'urori na kowace matatar mai, don amfani da ƙarin abubuwan ƙarfafawa don samun samfurin da ya dace ko kayan aikin sinadarai, zaɓin abubuwan ƙarfafawa tare da mafi kyawun daidaitawa ko zaɓi na iya magance manyan matsalolin matatun mai daban-daban da na'urori daban-daban.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, a Asiya Pacific, Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya, yawan amfani da makamashi da kuma yawan ci gaban dukkan abubuwan kara kuzari, gami da tacewa, polymerization, hada sinadarai, da sauransu sun fi na yankunan da suka ci gaba a Turai da Amurka.
A nan gaba, faɗaɗa sinadarin hydrogenation na fetur zai zama mafi girma, sai kuma sinadarin hydrogenation na tsakiya, FCC, isomerization, hydrocracking, hydrogenation naphtha, man fetur mai nauyi (mai saura), alkylation (superposition), gyara, da sauransu, kuma buƙatar mai mai dacewa za ta ƙaru daidai gwargwado.
Duk da haka, saboda bambancin zagayowar amfani da nau'ikan masu tace mai, adadin masu tace mai ba zai iya ƙaruwa ba tare da faɗaɗa ƙarfinsa. A cewar ƙididdigar tallace-tallace a kasuwa, mafi yawan tallace-tallace sune masu haɓaka hydrogenation (hydrotreating da hydrocracking, waɗanda suka kai kashi 46% na jimlar), sai kuma masu haɓaka FCC (40%), sai kuma masu gyara abubuwan haɓaka (8%), masu haɓaka alkylation (5%) da sauransu (1%).
Ga manyan fasalulluka na catalysts daga wasu kamfanoni da suka shahara a duniya:
Kamfanoni 10 da suka shahara a duniya kan fasahar catalyst
1. Grace Davison, Amurka
An kafa kamfanin Grace Corporation a shekarar 1854 kuma hedikwatarsa tana Columbia, Maryland. Grace Davidson ita ce jagora a duniya a fannin bincike da samar da sinadarin FCC catalyst kuma ita ce babbar mai samar da sinadarin FCC da hydrogenation catalyst a duniya.
Kamfanin yana da sassa biyu na gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci na duniya, Grace Davison da Grace Specialty Chemicals, da kuma sassa takwas na samfura. Kasuwancin Grace Davidson ya haɗa da FCC catalyst, hydrotreating catalyst, musamman catalyst ciki har da polyolefin catalyst da catalyst carriers, da kuma kayan injiniya na silicon ko silica-aluminum don shafa kafofin watsa labarai na dijital akan takardu na masana'antu, masu amfani, da kuma inkjet. Kamfanin ART ne ke gudanar da kasuwancin hydrotreating catalyst.
2, Albemarle American special chemicals (ALbemarle) Group
A shekarar 1887, aka kafa Kamfanin Arbel Paper a Richmond, Virginia.
A shekara ta 2004, an sami kasuwancin tace mai na Akzo-Nobel, an shiga fagen tace mai a hukumance, sannan aka kafa sashen kasuwancin tace mai tare da hadakar polyolefin; Ka zama na biyu mafi girma a fannin samar da hadakar FCC a duniya.
A halin yanzu, tana da masana'antun samar da kayayyaki sama da 20 a Arewacin Amurka, Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Kudancin Amurka, Japan da China.
Arpels tana da cibiyoyin bincike da ci gaba guda 8 a ƙasashe 5 da ofisoshin tallace-tallace a ƙasashe sama da 40. Ita ce babbar mai samar da sinadarai masu hana harshen wuta a duniya, waɗanda suka shafi amfani da su na yau da kullun, kayan lantarki, magunguna, kayayyakin noma, masana'antar kera motoci, kayan gini da marufi.
Babban kasuwancin ya haɗa da ƙarin polymer, abubuwan kara kuzari da kuma sinadarai masu kyau guda uku.
Akwai manyan nau'ikan ƙarin polymer guda huɗu: masu hana harshen wuta, antioxidants, masu warkarwa da masu daidaita yanayi;
Kasuwancin Catalyst yana da sassa uku: mai tacewa mai tacewa, mai haɓaka polyolefin, mai haɓaka sinadarai;
Sinadaran da suka fi kyau Tsarin kasuwanci: sinadarai masu aiki (fenti, alumina), sinadarai masu kyau (sinadaran bromine, sinadarai masu amfani da mai) da kuma tsaka-tsaki (magunguna, magungunan kashe kwari).
Daga cikin sassan kasuwanci guda uku na kamfanin Alpels, kudaden shiga na tallace-tallace na shekara-shekara na kayan kara polymer sune mafi girma, sai kuma abubuwan kara kuzari, kuma kudaden shiga na tallace-tallace na sinadarai masu kyau shine mafi karanci, amma a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, kudaden shiga na tallace-tallace na shekara-shekara na kasuwancin kara kuzari ya karu a hankali, kuma tun daga shekarar 2008, ya zarce kasuwancin kayan kara polymer.
Kasuwancin Catalyst shine babban ɓangaren kasuwanci na Arpell. Arpels ita ce ta biyu mafi girma a duniya wajen samar da sinadarin hydrotreating catalyst (kashi 30% na kaso na kasuwar duniya) kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu samar da sinadarin catalyst guda uku a duniya.
3. Sinadaran Dow
Dow Chemical kamfani ne mai kera sinadarai daban-daban da hedikwata a Michigan, Amurka, wanda Herbert Henry Dow ya kafa a shekarar 1897. Yana gudanar da cibiyoyin samar da kayayyaki 214 a kasashe 37, tare da nau'ikan kayayyaki sama da 5,000, waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai a fannoni sama da 10 kamar motoci, kayan gini, wutar lantarki, da magunguna. A shekarar 2009, Dow ta kasance ta 127 a kan Fortune Global 500 da kuma ta 34 a kan Fortune National 500. Dangane da jimillar kadarori, ita ce ta biyu mafi girma a fannin sinadarai a duniya, ta biyu kawai bayan DuPont Chemical na Amurka; Dangane da kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara, ita ce kuma ta biyu mafi girma a duniya a fannin sinadarai, bayan BASF na Jamus; Ma'aikata sama da 46,000 a duk duniya; An raba ta zuwa sassa 7 na kasuwanci ta nau'in samfura: Filastik Aiki, Sinadaran Aiki, Kimiyyar Noma, Filastik, Sinadaran Asali, Hydrocarbons da Makamashi, Babban Bankin Venture. Kasuwancin Catalysts wani bangare ne na bangaren Sinadaran Aiki.
Masu haɓaka Dow sun haɗa da: Mai haɓaka haɗakar carbonyl na NORMAX™; Mai haɓaka METEOR™ don ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol; Masu haɓaka polypropylene SHAC™ da SHAC™ ADT; Mai haɓaka DOWEX™ QCAT™ bisphenol A; Ita ce babbar mai samar da masu haɓaka polypropylene a duniya.
4. ExxonMobil
Exxonmobil ita ce babbar kamfanin mai a duniya, wacce hedikwatarta ke Texas, Amurka. Kamfanin, wanda a da aka fi sani da Exxon Corporation da Mobil Corporation, an haɗa shi aka sake tsara shi a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 1999. Kamfanin kuma shine babban kamfanin ExxonMobil, Mobil da Esso a duk duniya.
An kafa Exxon a shekarar 1882, kuma ita ce babbar kamfanin mai a Amurka kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin mai guda bakwai mafi tsufa a duniya. Kamfanin Mobil, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1882, kamfani ne mai cikakken tsari wanda ya haɗa da bincike da haɓaka masana'antar tacewa da kuma masana'antar mai.
Exxon da Mobil suna da hedikwata a sama a Houston, hedikwatar da ke ƙasa a Fairfax, da kuma hedikwatar kamfanoni a Irving, Texas. Exxon tana da kashi 70% na kamfanin yayin da Mobil ke da kashi 30%. Exxonmobil, ta hanyar rassanta, a halin yanzu tana aiki a ƙasashe da yankuna kusan 200 a faɗin duniya kuma tana ɗaukar ma'aikata sama da 80,000.
Manyan kayayyakin Exxonmobil sun haɗa da mai da iskar gas, kayayyakin mai da kayayyakin petrochemical, shine babban mai samar da olefins monomer da polyolefin a duniya, gami da ethylene, propylene, polyethylene, polypropylene; Kasuwancin catalyst mallakar ExxonMobil Chemical ne. An raba Exxonmobil Chemical zuwa sassa huɗu na kasuwanci: polymers, fina-finan polymer, kayayyakin sinadarai da fasaha, kuma catalyst suna cikin ɓangaren fasaha.
UNIVATION, wani haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ExxonMobil da Dow Chemical Company, ya mallaki fasahar samar da polyethylene ta UNIPOL™ da kuma sinadaran polyolefin masu alamar UCAT™ da XCAT™.
5. Kamfanin Kayayyakin Mai na Duniya na UOP
An kafa kamfanin Global Oil Products a shekarar 1914 kuma hedikwatarsa a Desprine, Illinois, kuma kamfani ne na duniya baki ɗaya. A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2005, UOP ta zama reshen Honeywell mallakarta gaba ɗaya a matsayin wani ɓangare na kasuwancin dabarun Honeywell's Specialty Materials.
UOP tana aiki a sassa takwas: makamashin da ake sabuntawa da sinadarai, masu shaye-shaye, samfuran musamman da na musamman, tace mai, ƙamshi da abubuwan da aka samo asali, linear alkyl benzene da ingantattun olefins, Light olefins da kayan aiki, sarrafa iskar gas, da ayyuka.
UOP tana ba da ƙira, injiniyanci, ayyukan ba da shawara, lasisi da ayyuka, fasahar sarrafawa da samar da abubuwan kara kuzari, sieve na ƙwayoyin halitta, masu shaye-shaye da kayan aiki na musamman don matatun mai, masana'antar sarrafa man fetur da iskar gas, tare da lasisin fasaha 65 da ake da su.
UOP ita ce babbar mai samar da zeolite da aluminum phosphate a duniya, tare da sama da kayayyakin zeolite 150 don cire ruwa, cire ƙazanta da kuma raba kayayyakin iskar gas da kayan ruwa na matatar mai. Ikon samar da sieve na kwayoyin halitta a kowace shekara ya kai tan 70,000. A fannin sieve na kwayoyin halitta, UOP tana da kashi 70% na kaso na kasuwar duniya.
UOP ita ce kuma babbar masana'antar alumina a duniya, tare da kayayyaki da suka haɗa da pseudo-alumina, beta-alumina, gamma-alumina da α-alumina, suna samar da alumina mai aiki da kuma aluminum/silica-aluminum masu ɗaukar siffa mai siffar ƙwallo.
Kamfanin UOP yana da lasisin mallaka sama da 9,000 a duk duniya kuma ya gina na'urori kusan 4,000 ta amfani da haƙƙin mallaka a cikin ƙasashe sama da 80. Kashi 60 cikin 100 na man fetur na duniya ana samar da shi ne ta amfani da fasahar UOP. Kusan rabin sabulun wanke-wanke na duniya ana samar da su ne ta amfani da fasahar UOP. Daga cikin manyan hanyoyin tacewa 36 da ake amfani da su a masana'antar mai, UOP ne suka ƙirƙiro guda 31. A halin yanzu, UOP tana ƙera kusan samfuran catalyst da adsorbent daban-daban guda 100 don fasaharta mai lasisi da sauran kamfanoni, waɗanda ake amfani da su a fannonin tacewa kamar gyara, isomerization, hydrocracking, hydrofining da oxidative desulphurization, da kuma a fannonin petrochemical ciki har da samar da aromatics (benzene, toluene da xylene), propylene, butene, ethylbenzene, styrene, isopropylbenzene da cyclohexane.
Manyan abubuwan da ke ƙara kuzari na UOP sun haɗa da: mai ƙara ƙarfin sake fasalin catalytic, mai ƙara ƙarfin isomerization na C4, mai ƙara ƙarfin isomerization na C5 da C6, mai ƙara ƙarfin isomerization na xylene, mai ƙara ƙarfin hydrocracking yana da nau'ikan hydrocracking guda biyu da mai rage saurin hydrocracking, mai ƙara ƙarfin hydrotreating, mai rage yawan sinadarin mai, mai dawo da sulfur, mai canza iskar gas ta wutsiya da sauran masu ƙara ƙarfin mai.
6, Kamfanin fasahar gyaran fuska na Amurka na ART
An kafa Advanced Refining Technologies a shekarar 2001 a matsayin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Chevron Oil Products da Grace-Davidson, wanda ya ƙunshi mutane 50-50. An kafa ART ne don haɗa ƙarfin fasaha na Grace da Chevron don haɓaka da sayar da sinadarin hydrogenation ga masana'antar tacewa ta duniya, kuma ita ce babbar mai samar da sinadarin hydrogenation catalyst a duniya, tana samar da fiye da kashi 50% na sinadarin hydrogenation catalyst a duniya.
ART tana haɗa kayayyaki da ayyukanta ta hanyar sassan tallace-tallace da ofisoshin Grace Corporation da Chevron Corporation a duk duniya.
ART tana da cibiyoyin samar da masu kara kuzari guda huɗu da kuma cibiyar bincike guda ɗaya ta masu kara kuzari. ART tana ƙera masu kara kuzari don rage saurin hydrocracking, rage saurin hydrocracking, rage saurin isomerization, da kuma daidaita yanayin isomerization.
Manyan abubuwan da ke kara kuzari sun hada da Isocracking® don isomerization, Isofinishing® don isomerization, hydrocracking, hydrocracking mai sauƙi, hydrofining, hydrotreating, residual hydrotreating.
7. Kamfanin Univation
An kafa Unation a shekarar 1997 kuma hedikwatarta a Houston, Texas, wani haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin Kamfanin Sinadaran ExxonMobil da Kamfanin Sinadaran Dow.
Univation ta ƙware wajen canja wurin fasahar da sinadaran polyethylene da aka yi da fumed na UNIPOL™, kuma ita ce babbar mai ba da lasisin fasaha a duniya kuma mai samar da sinadaran da ke ƙara kuzari a duniya ga masana'antar polyethylene. Ita ce ta biyu mafi girma a duniya kuma mai samar da sinadaran da ke ƙara kuzari a duniya, wanda ya kai kashi 30% na kasuwar duniya. Ana ƙera sinadaran da ke ƙara kuzari a kamfanonin Mont Belvieu, Seadrift da Freeport da ke Texas.
Tsarin kera polyethylene na Univation, wanda aka sani da UNIPOL™, a halin yanzu yana da layukan samar da polyethylene sama da 100 da ake aiki ko kuma ake ginawa ta amfani da UNIPOL™ a ƙasashe 25, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 25% na jimillar duniya.
Manyan abubuwan da ke ƙara kuzari sune: 1) UCAT™ chromium catalyst da Ziegler-Natta catalyst; 2) XCAT™ metallocene catalyst, sunan kasuwanci EXXPOL; 3) PRODIGY™ Bimodal Catalyst; 4) UT™ deaeration catalyst.
8. BASF
Babban hedikwatar BASF, wacce take a birnin Munich na ƙasar Jamus, tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin sinadarai da aka haɗa a duniya, tare da kayayyaki sama da 8,000, waɗanda suka haɗa da sinadarai masu daraja, robobi, rini, rufin motoci, wakilan kare tsirrai, magunguna, sinadarai masu kyau, mai da iskar gas.
Basf ita ce babbar mai samar da maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, aniline, caprolactam da kuma foamed styrene a duniya. Polypropylene, polystyrene, hydroxyl alcohol da sauran kayayyaki sun zo na biyu a duniya; karfin samar da Ethylbenzene, styrene, yana matsayi na uku a duniya. Basf yana daya daga cikin manyan masu samar da kayan abinci masu karawa abinci, wadanda suka hada da mono-vitamins, multivitamins, carotenoids, lysines, enzymes da kuma abubuwan kiyaye abinci.
Basf tana da sassa shida daban-daban na kasuwanci: Sinadarai, Roba, Maganin Aiki, Kayayyakin Aiki, Masana'antu da Man Fetur da Iskar Gas.
Kamfanin Basf shi ne kawai kamfani a duniya da ke kula da dukkan harkokin hada-hadar hada-hadar, tare da nau'ikan hada-hadar ...
Basf ita ce ta biyu a duniya wajen samar da sinadarin FCC catalyst, inda take da kusan kashi 12% na kasuwar duniya wajen tace sinadarin.
9. Kamfanin Mai na Burtaniya na BP
BP ɗaya ce daga cikin manyan kamfanonin mai na ƙasashen duniya da suka haɗa kai a sama da kuma ƙasa, wanda hedikwatarsa ke birnin London, Birtaniya; Kasuwancin kamfanin ya shafi ƙasashe da yankuna sama da 100, ciki har da binciken mai da iskar gas, tacewa da tallatawa, makamashi mai sabuntawa manyan fannoni uku; BP ya kasu kashi uku na kasuwanci: Binciken Mai da Iskar Gas da Samarwa, Tacewa da Talla, da sauran kasuwanci (makamashi mai sabuntawa da kuma Marine). Kasuwancin BP wani ɓangare ne na Sashen Tacewa da Talla.
Kayayyakin mai na fetur sun ƙunshi rukuni biyu, rukuni na farko shine samfuran aromatic da acetic acid, galibi sun haɗa da PTA, PX da acetic acid; Rukuni na biyu shine olefins da abubuwan da suka samo asali, galibi sun haɗa da ethylene, propylene da samfuran da suka samo asali daga ƙasa. PTA na BP (babban kayan da ake amfani da su wajen samar da polyester), PX (babban kayan da ake amfani da su wajen samar da PTA) da ƙarfin samar da acetic acid sune na farko a duniya. BP ta ƙirƙiro fasaha ta musamman don samar da PX bisa ga nata mai haɓaka isomerization da kuma ingantaccen fasahar crystallization. BP tana da babbar fasaha mai lasisi don samar da Cativa® acetic acid.
Kasuwancin olefins da kayan da aka samo asali na BP galibi yana cikin China da Malaysia.
10, Kamfanin Sinadaran Kudancin Jamus na Sud-Chemie
Kamfanin Southern Chemical Company, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1857, wani kamfani ne mai hazaka a fannin sinadarai na musamman na ƙasashen duniya, wanda ke da tarihi sama da shekaru 150, hedikwatarsa a Munich, Jamus.
Kamfanin Sinadarin Nanfang yana da jimillar kamfanoni 77 kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, ciki har da kamfanoni 5 na cikin gida a Jamus, kamfanoni 72 na ƙasashen waje, bi da bi suna cikin sassan masu shaye-shaye da masu kara kuzari, na kamfanonin mai, sarrafa abinci, kayan masarufi, siminti, tsaftace ruwa, kare muhalli da sauran masana'antu don samar da samfuran da mafita masu inganci, masu shaye-shaye da ƙari.
Kasuwancin kamfanin Nanfang Chemical Company na cikin sashen catalyst. Sashen ya ƙunshi Fasaha, Makamashi da Muhalli.
An raba sashen Fasahar Catalyst zuwa ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci guda huɗu na duniya: masu haɓaka sinadarai, masu haɓaka sinadarai na petrochemical, masu haɓaka mai da kuma masu haɓaka polymerization.
Nau'ikan sinadaran Nanfang sun haɗa da: sinadarin tsarkake kayan albarkatun ƙasa, man feturmai kara kuzari, mai kara kuzari na sinadarai, mai kara kuzari na tace mai, mai kara kuzari na olefin polymerization, mai kara kuzari na tsarkake iska, mai kara kuzari na kwayar mai.
Lura: A halin yanzu, Clariant ya sayi Kamfanin Southern Chemical Company (SUD-Chemie)!
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-17-2023
